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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

iS'Vio

^^Ia^uloMj 9, 1 1 1S' %n^A^iJU / ?, ' ? ^ <

MEMOIRS

OF THE

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VOL. VII

4920)-

W. J. HOLLAND, Editor

PITTSBURGH

PnaUBHED BY THE AUTHOEITY OF THE BoABD OF TkUSTEES OF THE)

CARNEGIE INSTITUTE

PRESS OF

IHE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY

LANCASTER, PA.

PREFATORY NOTE

The six Memoirs included in this vohime appeared at various dates as follows: Memoir No. 1, December, 1915; No. 2, November, 1916; No. 3, November, 1916; " No. 4, April, 1917;

No. 5, September, 1918; No. 6, July, 1920.

Owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Director and Editor of the publications of the Carnegie Museum a partial suspension of the publishing activi- ties of the Museum took place during the period in which the United States of North America were at war with the so-called "Central Powers" of Europe. This cessation of our issue of scientific literature was only temporary. At the time these lines are being written a resumption of our activities along the lines alluded to has taken place. The issue of Memoir No. 6 from the pen of Mr. 0. A. Peterson upon "The American Diceratheres " concludes the Seventh Volume of the Memoirs. The Eighth Volume of the Memoirs is well under way, Memoir No. 1 having already appeared and No. 2 being in the hands of the printers. The publication of the

"Annals" has also been resumed.

W. J. Holland.

Carnegie Museum, July, 1920.

in

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Prefatory Note iii

Table of Contents v

List of Figures in Text vii

List of Plates xi

List of Species New to Science Described in this Volume xv

Errata, Corrigenda, and Amplifications by the Author of Me- moir on Cheirodontin^ xix

Memoir No. 1. The Cheirodontinse, a Subfamily of Minute Characid

Fishes of South America. By Carl H. Eigenmann . . 1-100 Memoir No. 2. The Fossil Turtles of the Uinta Formation. By Charles

W. Gilmore 101-162

Memoir No. 3. A Catalog of the Ophidia from South America at Present (June, 1916) contained in the Carnegie Mu- seum, with Descriptions of Some New Species. By

Lawrence Edmonds Griffin 163-228

Memoir No. 4. Pimelodella and Tj'phlobagrus. By Carl H. Eigen- mann 229-258

Memoir No. 5. The Pygidiidae, a Family of South American Catfishes.

By Carl H. Eigenmann 259-398

Memoir No. 6. The American Diceratheres. By 0. A. Peterson 399-476

Index 477-488

LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT. Memoir No. 1.

FIGTJEE ^A«^

1. Types of teeth and their variations in the Cheirodontinw 9

2. Phylogenic Arrangement of the Genera of the Cheirodontiim 13

3. Arrangement of teeth in Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt) 18

4. Arrangement of teeth in Spintherobulus papilliferus Eigenmann 20

6. Outhne of head and teeth in Probolodus heterostonms Eigenmann 22

6. Outhne of head and teeth in Aphyocharax dentatus Eigenmann 26

7. Outline of head and teeth in Aphyocharax anisitsi Eigenmann 30

8. Aphyocharax avary Fowler. 31

9. Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann. Greatly enlarged 32

10. Dentition of Aphyocharax paraguayensis Eigenmann 33

11. Outline of head and dentition of Prionobrama filigera Eigenmann 40

12. Outline of head and dentition of Parecbasis cyclolepis Eigenmann 45

13. Dentition of Macropsobrycon Uruguayans Eigenmann 49

14. Outline of head and dentition of Megalamphodus melanopltrus Eigenmann . . 51

15. Dentition of Megalamphodus heteresthes (Ulrey) 54

16. Outline of head and dentition of Megalamphodus vdcrupkrus Eigenmann. . 55

17. Dentition of Oligobrycon microstomus Eigenmann 57

18. Outline of head and dentition of Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus Eigenmann . 59

19. Outline of head and dentition of Compsura heterura Eigenmann 61

20. Dentition of Microbrycon ribeiroi Eigenmann 63

21. Dentition of Cheirodon annce McAtee "8

22. Interhsemal spines of Cheirodon annoe, cf 69

23. Dentition and enlarged view of interhsemal spines of Cheirodon annce 69

24. Interhsemals in Cheirodon interruptus Jenyns 72

25. Dentition of Cheirodon monodon Cope ' ^

26. Cheirodon notomelas Eigenmann '5

7Q

27. Cheirodon piaba Liitken ' ^

28. Cheirodon piaba Liitken °^

29. Cheirodon microdon Eigenmann t 81

CO

30. Cheirodon stenodon Eigenmann

31. Holesthes pequira (Steindachner)

32. Holesthes heterodon Eigenmann ^^

33. Odontostilbe hastata Eigenmann ^^

vii

Vlll MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

34. Odontostilbe drepanon Fowler 93

35. Odontostilbe microcephala Eigenmann 94

36. Odontostilbe madeirce Fowler 97

Memoir No. 2.

1. Carapace of Baena arenosa Leidy 108

2. Carapace of Baena inflata Gilmore 113

3. Plastron of Baena inflata Gilmore 114

4. Anterior lobes of Baena inflata Gilmore 116

5. Carapace of Baena gigantea Gilmore 117

6. Plastron of Baena gigantea Gilmore 118

7. Lateral View of Carapace and Plastron of Baena gigantea 119

8. Plastron of Baena platyplastra Gilmore 120

9. Carapace of Echmatemys callopyge Hay 124

10. Plastron of Echmatemys callopyge Hay 125

11. Carapace of Echmatemys douglassi Gilmore 129

12. Plastron of Echmatemys douglassi Gilmore ' 130

13. Carapace of Echmatemys hollandi Gilmore 133

14. Carapace of Echmatemys obscura Gilmore 137

15. Plastron of Echmatemys obscura Gilmore 138

16. Carapace of Echmatemys depressa Gilmore 140

17. Portions of the Carapace and Plastron of Echmatemys pusilla? Hay 142

18. Plastron of Hadrianus corsoni (Leidy) 145

19. Anterior half of plastron of Hadrianus robustus Gilmore 147

20. Plastron of Hadrianus utahensis Gilmore 149

21. Carapace of Testudo uintensis Gilmore 152

22. Plastron of Testudo uintensis Gilmore 153

Memoir No. 4.

1. Pimelodella buckleyi (Boulenger) 241

2. Pimelodella laticeps Eigenmann 243

Memoir No. 5.

1. Phylogenetic tree of the Pygidiida? 277

2. Details of structure of skulls of Hatcheria patagoniensis Eigenmann and

Scleronema operculatus Eigenmann 282

3. Hatcheria patagoniensis Eigenmann 283

4. Hatcheria areolata (Cuvier & Valenciennes) 286

5. Hatcheria burmeisteri (Berg.) 286

6. Hatcheria macrcei (Girard) 287

7. Pygidium tenue (Weyenbergh) 293

LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT. IX

8. Pygidium corduvense (Weyenbergh) 293

9. Pygidium barbouri Eigenmann 303

10. Pygidium oroyce Eigenmann & Eigenmann 304

11. Pygidium quechorum Steindachner 305

12. Pygidium laticeps (Kner & Steindachner) 308

13. Pygidium chapmani Eigenmann 309

14. Pygidium tcenium (Kner) 310

15. Pygidium caliense Eigenmann 311

16. Pygidium proops (Ribeiro) 332

17. Pygidium brasiliense (Reinhardt) 338

18. Pygidium brasiliense (Reinhardt) 338

19. Pygidium itatiayoe (Ribeiro) 339

20. Pygidium minutum (Boulenger) 340

21. Outline of head, &c., of Pareiodon microps Kner 344

22. Henoneinus macrops (Steindachner) 346

23. Henonemus pundatus (Boulenger) 347

24. Henonemus anatomical details 347

25. Henonemus taxistigmus 348

26. HomodicBhis maculatus (Steindachner) 352

27. Stegophilus i7isidiosus Reinhardt 354

28. Acanthopoma annectens Liitken 355

29. Vandellia cirrhosa Cuvier & Valenciennes 361

30. Vandellia plazai Castelnau 362

31. Vandellia wieneri Pellegrin 363

32. Vandellia wieneri Pellegrin 363

33. Vandellia hasemani Eigenmann 364

34. Vandellia hasemani, anatomical details 364

35. Vandellia hasemani, anatomical details 365

36. Vandellia sanguinea Eigenmann 365

37. Vandellia, left premaxillary 366

38. Branchioica bertomi

39. Phreatobius cisternarum Goeldi 372

Memoir No. 6.

1. Diceratherium pleuroceros (Duvernoy) 403

2. Diceratherium minutum (Cuvier) 404

404

3. Diceratherium doumllei

4. Upper dentition of Diceratherium cooki 409

5. Rhinoceros {? Diceratherium) pacificus Leidy 410

6. Rhinoceros {? Diceratherium) hesperius Leidy 411

X

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

7. Rhinoceros {? Diceratherium) oregonensis Marsh 412

8. Diceratherium iruquianum (Cope) 412

9. Diceratherium petersoni Loomis 413

10. Diceratherium armatum Marsh 414

11. Diceratherium annectens (Marsh) 418

11a. Diceratherium. annectens (Marsh) 420

12. Diceratherium gregorii Peterson 423

13. Diceratherium niobrarense Peterson 426

14. Diceratherium niobrarense Peterson 427

15. Diceratherium niobrarense Peterson, atlas 428

16. Diceratherium cooki Peterson, outhne of skull 433

17. Diceratherium, atlas 436

18. Diceratherium, axis 436

19. Diceratherium, fourth cervical 437

20. Diceratherium, sixth cervical 437

21. Diceratherium, seventh cervical 438

22. Diceratherium, first dorsal 438

23. Diceratherium, tenth dorsal 439

24. Diceratherium, eighteenth dorsal 439

25. Diceratherium, second lumbar 443

26. Diceratherium, fourth lumbar 440

27. Diceratherium, fifth lumbar 441

28. Diceratherium, sacrum 441

29. Diceratherium, sternum 442

30. Diceratherium, scapula 443

31. Diceratherium, humerus 444

32. Diceratherium, radius and ulna 445

33. Diceratherium, radius and ulna 445

34. Diceratherium, pelvis 446

35. Diceratherium, femur 447

36. Diceratherium, tibia and hbula 447

37. Diceratherium, patella 448

LIST OF PLATES

PLATE

I. Map Showing Route of John D. Haseman of the Carnegie Museum Expedition to South America.

II. Fig. L Grundulus bogotensis CRumholdt) .

Fig. 2. Aphyocharax paraguayensis Eigenmann.

III. Figs. 1-4. Spintherobolus papilliferus Eigenmann. Fig. 5. Aphyocharax raihhuni Eigenmann.

Fig. 6. Aphyocharax anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy.

IV. Fig. 1. Aphyocharax dentatus Eigenmann & Kennedy. Fig. 2. Paragoniates alburnus Steindachner.

Fig. 3. Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger.

Fig. 4. Prionobrama filiferus (Cope) .

Fig. 5. Prionobrama paraguayensis (Eigenmann).

V. Fig. 1. Phanagoniales unlsoni Eigenmann.

Fig. 2. Parecbasis cyclolepis Eigenmann.

VI. Fig. 1. Leptobrycon jatuaranoe 'Eigenmarm.

Fig. 2. Macropsobrycon uruguayance Eigenmann.

VII. Megalamphodus megalopterus Eigenmann.

VIII. Fig. 1. Megalamphodus micropterus Eigenmann.

Fig. 2. Microschemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann.

IX. Fig. 1. Oligobrycon viicrostomus YAgenmsimi.

Fig. 2. Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus Eigenmann.

X. Fig. 1. Compsura heterura Eigenmann.

Fig. 2. Misobrycon ribeiroi Eigenmann.

XI. Fig. L Cheirodon amiw McAtee.

Fig. 2. Cheirodon parahybce Eigenmann.

XII. Fig. 1. Cheirodon interruptus J enyna.

Fig. 2. Cheirodon notomelas Eigenmann.

XIII. Fig. L Cheirodon madeirce Eigenmann. Fig. 2. Cheirodon piaba Liitken.

XIV. Fig. 1. Cheirodon microdon Eigenmann. Fig. 2. Cheirodon stenodon Eigenmann.

XV. Fig. 1. Holesthes pequira (Steindachner).

Fig. 2. Holesthes heterodon Eigenmann. XVI. Fig. 1. Odontostilbe hastata Eigenmann.

Fig. 2. Odontostilbe paraguayensis Eigenmann & Kennedy.

XI

xu

PLATE

XVII.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5-6

XVIII.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

XIX.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

XX.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

XXI.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

XXII.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

XXIII.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

XXIV.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

XXV.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

XXVI.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

XXVII.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

iCXVIII.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 12.

XXIX.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Odontostilbe pulchra (Gill).

Cheirodon insignis Steindachner.

Odontostilbe paraguayensis Eigenmann & Kennedy.

Cheirodon pisciculus Girard.

Cheirodon piaba Liitken.

Carapace of Baena arenosa Leidy.

Plastron of Baena platyplastra Gilmore.

Carapace of Baena inflata Gilmore.

Plastron of Do.

Carapace of Baena gigantea Gilmoie.

Plastron of Do.

Carapace of Echmatcmys callopyge Hay.

Plastron of Do.

Carapace of Echmatemys douglassi Gilmore.

Plastron of Do.

Carapace of Echmatemys hollandi Gilmore.

Carapace of Echmatejrnjs depressa Gilmore.

Carapace of Echmatcmys obscura Gilmore.

Plastron of Do.

Plastron of Hadrianus corsoni (Leidy)

Plastron of Hadrianus robustus Gilmore.

Plastron of Hadrianus utahensis Gilmore.

Carapace of Amy da scxdumantiquum (Cope)

Carapace of Testudo uintensis Gilmore.

Plastron of Do.

Atractus toeniatus Griffin.

Dorsal view of head of Do.

Ventral view of head of Do.

Tropidodipsas spilogaster Griffin.

Dorsal view of head of Do.

Ventral view of head of Do.

Clelia euprepia Griffin.

Dorsal view of head of Do.

Ventral view of head of Do.

Elaps hollandi Griffin.

Dorsal view of head of Do.

Ventral view of head of Do.

Pimelodella serrata Eigenmann.

Pimelodella cristata (Miiller & Troschel).

Pimelodella avanhandavce Eigenmann.

LIST OF PLATES.

Xlll

PLATE

XXX.

Fig.

1,

Fig.

2,

Fig.

3

XXXI.

Fig.

1,

Fig.

2

Fig.

3

XXXII.

Fig.

1

Fig.

2

Fig.

3

XXXIII.

Fig.

1

Fig.

2,

Fig.

3,

XXXIV.

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

XXXV.

XXXVI-XXXIX.

XL.

XLI.

Figs. 1-2,

Figs. 3-4

XLII.

Figs. 1-2

Figs. 3-5

XLIII.

Figs. 1-2.

Figs. 3-5

XLIV.

XLV.

XLVI.

XLVII.

XLVIII.

XLIX.

L.

LI.

LII.

LIII.

LIV.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Pimelodella hasemani Eigenmann.

Pimelodella laticeps Eigenmann.

Pimelodella notomelas Eigenmann.

Pimelodella metce Eigenmann.

Piynelodella holiviana Eigenmann.

Pimelodella itapicuruensis Eigenmann.

Pimelodella meeki Eigenmann.

Pimelodella meeki.

Pimelodella griffini Eigenmann.

Pimelodella mucosa Eigenmann.

Pimelodella grisea Eigenmann.

Pimelodella chagresi (Steindachner).

Pimelodella euicenia Regan.

Typhlobagrus kronei Ribeiro.

Pectoral spines of species of Pimelodella viewed from

above and greatly magnified. Maps showing the geographical distribution of the

PygidiidcE. Anatomical details of the structure, principally of the

heads, of Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt and

Henonemus punctatus Boulenger. Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt. Paracetopsis occidentalis (Steindachner). Nematogenys inermis (Guichenet) . Hatcher ia maculata (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tridens melanops Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Branchioica bertonii Eigenmann. Scleronema, Hatcheria, Pygidium, and Pseudostego-

philus. Pygidium. Pygidium. Pygidium,. Pygidium. Pygidium. Pygidium. Pygidium. Pygidium . Vandellia.

Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt. Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt, juv.

XIV

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

PL.\TE

Fig. 3.

LV.

Figs. 1-

-5.

LVI.

FlGS. 1,

2

Figs. 3,

5,

LVII.

LVIII.

LIX.

LX.

LXI.

LXII.

LXIII.

LXIV.

LXV.

LXVI.

Pareiodon microps Kner.

Ochmacanthus.

Phreatobhts cisternarum Goeldi.

Homodicetus anisitsi Eigenmann & Ward.

Diceratherium armaium Marsh.

Type of D. 7ianum Marsh and D. Cooki Peterson.

Diceratherium gregorii Peterson.

Diceratherium cooki Peterson and Diceratherium nio-

brarense Peterson.

Do. Do.

Do. Do.

Diceratherium cooki Peterson and D. annectens

(Marsh). Diceratherium cooki Peterson. Diceratherium cooki Peterson and D. annectens

(Marsh). Diceratherium cooki Peterson and D. annectens

(Marsh).

LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES NEW TO SCIENCE DESCRIBED IN

THIS VOLUME

Class MAMMALIA.

Order UNGULATA.

Superfamily RHINOCEROTOIDEA.

Family Rhinocerotid^.

Genus Diceratherium Marsh.

(Fossil) D. gregorii Peterson p. 421, PL LIX, text-fig., p. 423.

Genus Ccenopus Cope. Ccenopus dakotensis Peterson, noni. nov. for Aceraiherium (Ccenopus Osborn) mite Cope, pp. 402, 435

Class REPTILIA.

Order TESTUDINES.

Family Baenid^b.

Genus Baena Leidy.

(Fossil)

, Baena inflata Gilmore p. 112, PI. XIX; text-figs. 2 and 3.

Baena gigantea Gilmore p. 116, PI. XX, figs. 1, 2; text-figs. 5, 6, 7.

Baena platyplastra Gilmore p. 120, PI. XVIII, fig. 2; text-fig. 8.

Family EmydidjE. Genus Echmatemys Hay.

(Fossil)

Echmatemys douglassi (iilmore p. 128, PL XXII; text-figs. 11 and 12.

Echmatemys hollandi Gilmore p. 133, PI. XXIII, fig. 1; text-fig. 13.

Echmatemys obscura Gilmore p. 135, PL XXIV; text-figs. 14 and 15.

Echmatemys depressa Gilmore p. 139, PL XXIII, fig. 2; text-fig. IG.

Family Testudinid^.

Genus Hadrianus Cope. (Fossil)

Hadrianus robustus Gilmore p. 146, PL XXV, fig. 2; text-fig. 19.

Hadrianus utahensis Gilmore p. 148, PL XXVI, fig. 1 ; text-fig. 20.

Genus Testudo Linnseus. (Fossil)

Testudo uintensis Gilmore p. 150, PL XXVII; texts-figs. 21, 22.

XV

XVI LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES.

Order SQUAMATA. Suborder SAURIA.

Family Anguid^. Genus Glyptosaurus Auct. Glyptosaiirus sp. indet p. 159.

Sul)ordcr SERPENTES. Family Typhlophid^. Genus Helminthophis Peters. Helminthophis bondensis Griffin p. 165.

Family Colubrid^.

Aporophis mdanocephalus Griffin p. 171.

Atractus tceniatus Griffin p. 173, PI. XXVIII, figs. 1-3.

Liophis elceoides Griffin p. 187.

Bhadina'a orina Griffin p. 195.

Tropidodipsas spilogaster Griffin p. 197, PI. XXVIII, figs. 4-6.

Clelia euprepa Griffin p. 203, PI. XXVIII, figs. 7-9.

Clelia peruviana Griffin p. 204.

Elaps columbianus Griffin p. 216.

Flaps hoUandi Griffin p. 218, PI. XXVIII, figs. 10-12.

Class PISCES.

Family Characid^.

Subfamily Cheirodontin^.

Aphyocharax paraguayensis Eigcnmann p. 33, PI. II, fig. 2.

Leptobrycon Eigenmann, gen. nov p. 46.

Leptobrycon jatuarance Eigenmann p. 46, PI. VI, fig. 1.

Macrupsobrycon Eigenmann, gen. nov p. 48.

Macropsobrycon uruguayance Eigenmann p. 48, PI. VI, fig. 2.

Megalamphodus Eigenmann, gen. nov p. 49.

Meyulamphodus rnegalopterus Eigenmann p. 50, PI. VII.

Megalamphodus micropterus Eigenmann p. 54, PI. VIII, fig. 1.

Microschemobrycon Eigenmann, gen. nov p. 56.

Microschemobrycan guaparensis Eigenmann p. 56, PI. VIII. fig. 2.

Oligobrycon Eigenmann, gen. nov p. 56.

Oligobrycon microstomus Eigenmann p. 57, PI. IX, fig. 1.

Aphyocheirodon Eigenmaiui, gen. nov p. 58.

Aphyocheirodoji heynigramynus Eigenmann p. 59, PI. IX, fig. 2.

Compsura Eigenmann, gen. nov p. 60.

Compsura heterura Eigenmann p. 61, PI. X, fig. 1.

Mixobrycon Eigenmann, gen, nov p. 62.

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. XVll

Cheirodon parahybce Eigenmann p. 70, PI. XI, fig. 2.

Cheirodon notonielas Eigenmann p. 74, PI. XII, fig. 2.

Cheirodon ynadeirw Eigenmann p. 76, PI. XIII, fig. 1.

Cheirodon microdon Eigenmann p. 80, PI. XIV, fig. 1.

Cheirodon stenodon Eigenmann p. 82, PI. XIV, fig. 2.

Holesthes heterodon Eigenmann p. 87, PL XV, fig. 2.

Megalamphodus ecuadorensis Eigenmann p. 99.

Familj' Silurid^.

Pimelodella serrata Eigenmann p. 235, PI. XXIX, fig. 1.

Pimelodella steindachneri Eigenmann p. 237.

Pimelodella avanhandava: Eigenmann p. 240, PL XXIX, fig. 3.

Pimelodella hasemani Eigenmann p. 241, PL XXX, fig. 7.

Pimelodella laticeps Eigenmann p. 243, PL XXX, fig. 2.

Pimelodella laticeps austraUs Eigenmann p. 243.

Pimelodella notomelas Eigenmann. . . , p. 244, PL XXX, fig. 3.

Pimelodella metce Eigenmann p. 244, PL XXXI, fig. 1.

Pimelodella boliviana Eigenmann p. 254, PL XXXI, fig. 2.

Pimelodella itapicuruensis Eigenmaiui p. 247, PL XXXI, fig. 3.

Pimelodella griffini Eigenmann p. 250, PL XXXII, fig. 3.

Family Pygidiid^.

Scleronema operculatum Eigenmann p. 280, PL XLIV, fig. 1.

Pygidium zonalum Eigenmann p. 330, PL LI, fig. 1.

Pygidium proops parahybce Eigenmann p. 332.

Pygidium triguitatum Eigenmann p. 339, PL LII, fig. 4.

Pygidium santw-ritce Eigenmann p. 341, PL LII, fig. 5.

ERRATA AND CORRIGENDA.

PAGE

13. In fig. 2 above "f " for " Aphiocharax " read Aphyocharax.

16. In fig. 2 above "o" for "Gompsoura" read Compsura.

27. Tenth line from bottom for " Macrosobrycon " read Macropsobrycon.

40. Ninth fine from top for "paraguayense" read paraguayensis.

69. Figs. 22 and 23 for " Cheiwdon annce" read Cheirodon insignis. (N.B. This change is made according to oral instructions reported to have been given by the author of the paper to one of the ladies in my front office. Editor.)

80. Third fine from bottom for " Aphiocheirodon" read Aphyocheirodon.

99. Eleventh line from bottom for "having" read leaving.

99. Tenth line from bottom for "ridge" read wedge.

99. Second line from bottom for "small" read mostly lost.

99. Bottom line after the word "spot" add no dorsal spot. 241. Fourth line from top for " Eigenmanniorum " and "Eigenmanni" read

eigenmanniorum and eigenmanni. 260. Nineteenth line from top for "Myoglanis" read Miuroglanis. 267. Fifteenth line from top for " Pseudolatystomus " read Pseudoplatystomus. 327. Seventh line from bottom for "braziliense" read brasiliense. 332. Fig. 16, for "Ribiero" read Ribeiro.

345. Ninth line from bottom for " Coblitiganis " read Cobitiglanis. 392. Fig. 4. for " reinhardtii " read reinhardti. 401. Thirteenth line from bottom delete ", both" and insert "both of " before "which."

PLATES

V. For "wilsoni Eigenmann. Type" read macrolepis Meek & Hildebrand. Type of wilsoni. IX. For "Jacquara" read Jag? uara. X. For "Itapicucru" read Itapicuru.

XIX

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA CHEIRODONTIN.E

(Note. More than a year after Memoir No. 1 upon the Cheirodontince had been pubhshed the Author sent the following paragraphs to one of the stenographers in the Museum, requesting her to include them in the corrigenda. This lady very properly turned the paper over to the Editor, who presumes that the Author intends that they shall be published, and accordingly inserts them here as submitted.)

P. 43. Instead of "19. Phanagoniates wilsoni Eigenmann" read:

"19. Phanagoniates 7nacrolepis (Meek & Hildebrand). Roeboides macrolepis Meek & Hildebrand, Field Mus. Publ. Zool. Ser., vol. X, 1913,

p. 84 (Rio Cupe, Boca de Cupe, Rio Tuyra). P. 69. Meek & Hildebrand reporting on the wealth of material collected by them in Panama (Field Mus. Publ. Zool. Ser., vol. X, 1916, pp. 273-276), find that the specimens reported as Cheirodon insignis by Evermann and Goldsborough are representatives of a new genus and species, Pseudocheirodon affinis, Meek & Hildebrand, and that Cheirodon gorgonae Evermann & Goldsborough, placed in the synonymy of Cheirodon insignis, is a member of the genus Comp- sura. P. 99, add: Mimagoniates Regan. Mimagoniates Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), XX, 1907, p. 402.

This genus is related to Prionobrama but lacks maxillary teeth and the anal is but slightly emarginate. The original description by Regan follows.

"Body strongly elongate, compressed; abdomen keeled, but not strongly compressed to an edge. Mouth small; teeth tricuspid, in a single series; no maxil- lary teeth: palate toothless. Nostrils close together. Gill-membranes not united, free from the isthmus. Scales cycloid, of moderate size; lateral Ime incomplete. Dorsal fin short, posterior in position; adipose fin present; anal fin elongate.

"Intermediate between Chirodon, Girard, and Leptagoniates, Blgr."

Mimagoniates Barberi Regan.

"Depth of body 3-3.66 in the length, length of head 4-4.4. Snout much

shorter than eye, the diameter of which is 2.5-2.75 in the length of the head and a

Uttle less than the interorbital width. Cleft of mouth nearly vertical; maxillary

not extending to below the eye. 42-45 scales in a longitudinal series; lateral line

xxi

XXU ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA CHEIRONDONTIN^E.

on 4-8 scales only. Dorsal 10; origin equidistant from gill-opening and base of caudal, above the anterior part of the anal. Anal 34-38; origin equidistant from anterior part of eye and base of caudal; anterior rays the longest, about .6 the length of head; free edge straight or slightly concave. Pectoral extending to or a little beyond the base of ventral. Caudal forked. A lateral band (blackish in preserved specimens) from the lower part of eye to the lower lobe of caudal. An oblique dark stripe on the dorsal; anal with a dark margin.

"Habitat, Arroyo Yaca, Estacion Cabellero, Paraguay.

"Several specimens, the largest 40 mm. in total length, collected by Dr. A. Barbero."

Chirodon arnoldi Boulenger, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Chirodon arnoldi Boulenger, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), IV, p. 497.

This species described as a Cheirodon is probably a Hemigrammus. If it is a Cheirodon and if it comes from the northern part of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, it extends the known range of the genus Cheirodon northward for more than ten degrees latitude.

Head 4; depth 3. D. II. 9: A. III. 19; scales 32, 4 or 5 with pores, 11 scales in a transverse series.

Strongly compressed, snout shorter than eye, eye 2.66 in head, equals inter- orbital; maxillary not reaching anterior border of eye; lower jaw scarcely projecting. Origin of dorsal just behind base of ventrals, equidistant from snout and caudal longest ray of dorsal as long as head.

Yellowish above, finely speckled with black, silvery white beneath; a large round black spot on caudal peduncle, extending on base of middle rays of caudal; dorsal, ventrals, and caudal tinged with orange.

Length 33 mm. Said to have been imported by the Aquariest Arnold of Ham- burg from Puerto Mexico, on the north coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.

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THE CHEIEODONTIN^, A SUBFAMILY Of MINUTE CHAEACID FISHES OF SOUTH AMEEICA

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VOL. VII. NO. 1.

THE CHEIRODONTIN^, A SUBFAMILY OF MINUTE CHARACID FISHES OF SOUTH AMERICA.^

By Carl H. Eigenmann.

Introductory.

The greater part of the work of preparing this monograph was done between January and May, 19L5, while enjoying the hospitaUty of Mr. and Mrs. Carl G. Fisher on their estate at Miami, Florida. President W. L. Bryan and the Trustees of Indiana University appointed me Research Professor for the collegiate year 1914-1915, and the Director of the Carnegie Museum relieved me of resident curatorial duties at the Museum. I thus gained the opportunity under ideal conditions to give my undivided attention to this exceedingly difficult group of fishes. I am indebted, as in former articles, to Dr. W. J. Holland, Director of the Carnegie Museum, for assistance in arranging the figures in the text and on the plates and for his editorial revision of the manuscript. The drawings given on the plates were executed by Mr. Clarence Kennedy of Leland Stanford Jr. University. The drawings given in the text are from camera lucida sketches made by the author.

This paper would naturally form a chapter in my Monograph of the Characidse, to be pubfished by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., but, as the publication of the first volume of the monograph has long been delayed, it is deemed best to publish this article at once.

The material on which this paper is based- consists of (a) the collections of

' Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of Indiana University, No. 150.

' In enumerating the specimens at my disposal I have cited (a) the current numbers in the various museums; (6) the letters a-x, indicating the number of specimens in a given series in the Carnegie Museum; (c) the number of specimens in the particular lot under examination; (d) the size of the largest and sometimes

1

2 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Harvard University, made chiefly by the Thayer expedition; (b) the collections of Indiana University, made by H. von Ihering in Rio Grande do Sul, by J. D. Anisits in Paraguay, and by Charles Wilson during the Landon-Fisher expedition to Colombia; (c) the collections made under the joint auspices of the Indiana Uni- versity and the Carnegie Museum on the occasion of the author's expedition to British Guiana, and the reconnaissance undertaken by him in Colombia; and (d) the collections made by Mr. John D. Haseman during the expedition of the Carnegie Museum to central South America. The collections made by Mr. Haseman are by far the largest both in the number of specimens and species. An account of Haseman's travels, together with a list of his localities, was published in the Annals of the Carnegie Museum, Vol. VII, p. 287. A map showing his route accompanies the present paper.

There are twenty-one genera and fifty-six species and varieties of Cheirodontinse now known. ^ In the present paper seven genera and seventeen species for the first time are described. In all I have at one time or another described fourteen genera and thirty-three species. Nineteen of the genera and thirty-nine species are repre- sented in the collections of the Carnegie Museum. In the other museums, so far as known, the species are represented as foUows:

Paris (Mus6e National) 1

Vienna (K. K. Hofmuseum) 8

London (British Museum) 9

Genoa (Museo Civico) 2

Copenhagen (Zoologisches Museum) 1

Cambridge (Mus. Comp. Zoology) 4

New York (Am. Mus. Nat. History) 1

Washington (U. S. National Museum) 2

PUladelphia (Acad. Nat. Sciences) 7

Bloomington (Indiana University Museum) 35

Ithaca, N. Y. (Cornell University) 1

I have examined practically all of the known species except Cheirodon pisciculus from western Chili and Odontostilbe pulchra from Trinidad. However, while pre-

of the smallest specimen; (e) the locality; and (/) frequently the date of collecting and name of the collector. Where the entire series is reserved for the Carnegie Museum the letters after the current number and the number agree. When specimens have been destroyed by dissection or otherwise, or where there are numerous duplicates, the letters and numbers do not necessarily agree.

' I have placed the genus Psalidodon in the Tetragonopterince, although it has the single row of notched teeth characteristic of the Cheirodontinse. Psalidodon and Henochilus, in the latter of which there is a double row of teeth in the upper jaw, form a little group bridging the gap between the Tetragonopterinaj and Cheir- dontina;; or, on account of the absence of lips, they may be regarded as forming a little group distinct from either of the above. Megalamphodus ecuadorensis, sp. nov. is described in the Appendix.

eigenmann: the cheirodontin^. o

paring this revision, I did not have access to specimens of Aphyocharax avanj Fowler, Cheirodon eques Steindachner, Cheirodon agassizi Steindachner, Cheirodon pulcher = nattereri Steindachner, Odontostilbe drepanon Fowler, Odontostilbe madeirce Fowler, and Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger.

It is quite possible that several of these are here described under other names. It is possible that C. agassizi is the male of Aphyocharax pulcher, and that Odon- tostilbe drepanon is Holesthes pequira.

The Cheirodontin^.

The subfamily Cheirodontinse (Aphyocharacinse auctorum) belongs to the large family Characida;. All the species are small or even minute. The giants of the subfamily are only about 90 mm. long at their best. Parqgoniates alburnus reaches a length of 90 mm. The largest recorded Grundulus is 80 mm. long, the largest Probolodus 81, the largest Parecbasis 80, the largest Odontostilbe microcephala 80. Then follow Aphyocharax dentatus with a maximum length of 72 mm., Cheirodon interruptus QO mm., Aphyocharax alburnus and pusillus 58 mm., Holesthes pequira 56 mm., H. heterodon 50 mm., Prionobrama paraguayensis 50 mm., and P. filigerus 60 mm. The rest are all under 50 mm. in length.

Generalized type of the subfamily.— A composite of all the known species will give us an idea of the ancestor of these species, assuming for the moment that they had a common ancestor, which is open to some doubt. However, even if a few of the genera included do not belong to this an otherwise homogeneous group, they are so nearly like them that their inclusion will scarcely impair the full value of the generalized type.

The generahzed type is a fash rather under fifty millimeters, or two inches, in length; compressed, oval, with symmetric dorsal and ventral outlines. Its depth at the origin of the dorsal is about one-third of the length from the tip of the snout to the end of the median series of scales. The head is about equal to one-fourth of this length. The eye is large, about one-third as long as the head. The mouth is terminal and the maxillary reaches to about the origin of the eye. The cheeks and postorbital portion of the head are protected by the well-developed chain of suborbital bones, of which the third is in contact with the lower hmb of the preopercle, there being a naked wedge between it and the vertical hmb of the pre- opercle. The teeth are in a single series, comparatively few in number, and with lateral notches. They occur along the entire edge of the premaxillary, at the upper angle of the maxillary, and along the front and sides of the lower jaw. The

4 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

teeth of the maxillary are similar to those of the premaxillary and the lateral teeth of the mandible are always smaller than those near the front. A frontal and a parietal fontanel are present, the latter being the larger, truncated in front; the former is triangular, the base of the triangle being caudad. The occipital crest is narrowly triangular and divides the scales of the two sides for a distance of about one-fourth of the length from its base to the dorsal. The dorsal is short, pointed, consisting of one rudimentary and ten developed rays; having its origin midway between the tip of the snout and the base of the middle caudal rays. The adipose is a small free lobe as in the greater number of all the characid fishes, and is placed over the end of the anal. The caudal is deeply forked. The anal is emarginate, having its origin under the last dorsal ray, and it consists of twenty-five rays. The ventrals are placed slightly in front of the origin of the dorsal and they do not quite reach the anal. The pectorals are lanceolate and do not quite reach the origin of the ventrals. The scales are thin, very regularly arranged. The fins are naked except for a few scales along the base of the anterior anal rays. There is a well- developed axillary scale over the ventrals. There are thirty-five scales along a median series, eight of which have lateral line pores. There is a dark spot on the sides from about the third to the fifth scales of the lateral line, and another larger spot on the end of the caudal peduncle and the base of the caudal. In a triangular area over the sides of the anterior air-bladder the wall of the body consists of skin and peritoneum only.

Minor deviations from the generalized type. The deviations from this